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Define retrospective3/12/2023 ( April 2017) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. Finally, when a previous law is repealed or otherwise nullified, it is no longer applicable to situations to which it had been, even if such situations arose before the law was voided this principle is known as nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali. An in mitius change may alleviate possible consequences for unlawful acts (for example by replacing the death sentence with lifelong imprisonment) retroactively. A pardon has a similar effect, in a specific case instead of a class of cases. More commonly, changes retroactively worsen the legal consequences (or status) of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, by bringing it into a more severe category than it was in when it was committed by changing the punishment or recompense prescribed, as by adding new penalties, extending sentences, or increasing fines and damages payable or it may alter the rules of evidence in order to make exoneration more difficult than it would have been.Ĭonversely, a form of retrospective law commonly called an amnesty law may decriminalize certain acts. Because such laws punish the accused for acts that were not unlawful when committed, they are rare, and not permissible in most legal systems. When such changes make a previously committed lawful act now unlawful in a retroactive manner, this is known as an ex post facto law or retroactive law. The term is used in situations where the law (statutory, civil, or regulatory) is changed or reinterpreted, affecting acts committed before the alteration. Comparatively few awards are presented retrospectively. Alternatively, a slight change to the criteria of an existing award may result in retrospective awards being presented to persons who would have won the award under present rules. Celebrity roasts good-naturedly mock the career of the guest of honor, often in a retrospective format.Ī retrospective or retroactive award is one which is created and then awarded to persons who would have received it before. ![]() A leading (usually elderly) academic may be honored with a Festschrift, an honorary book of articles or a lecture series relating topically to a retrospective of the honoree's career. ![]() A television or newsstand special about an actor, politician, or other celebrity will present a retrospective of the subject's career highlights. Similarly, a retrospective compilation album is assembled from a recording artist's past material, usually their greatest hits. A medical retrospective is an examination of a patient's medical history and lifestyle.Ī retrospective exhibition presents works from an extended period of an artist's activity.
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